test: add os-targeted integration tests #617

Job	Run time
Benchmarks	5m 44s
Source code checks (stable)	42s
Build (x86_64/linux)	1m 18s
Source code checks (1.75.0)	30s
Test (linux)	1m 37s
Build (aarch64/macos)	1m 6s
Test (macOS)	1m 19s
Build (aarch64/linux)	1m 50s
Build (wasm32/wasi-0.1)	48s
Build (x86_64/windows)	1m 39s
OS target tests (Fedora/latest)	27s
OS target tests (Debian/latest)	9s
OS target tests (Arch Linux/latest)	19s
	17m 28s

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