Update requests to 2.31.0

[pyup-bot]

This PR updates requests from 2.22.0 to 2.31.0.

Changelog

2.31.0

-------------------

**Security**
- Versions of Requests between v2.3.0 and v2.30.0 are vulnerable to potential
forwarding of `Proxy-Authorization` headers to destination servers when
following HTTPS redirects.

When proxies are defined with user info (https://user:passproxy:8080), Requests
will construct a `Proxy-Authorization` header that is attached to the request to
authenticate with the proxy.

In cases where Requests receives a redirect response, it previously reattached
the `Proxy-Authorization` header incorrectly, resulting in the value being
sent through the tunneled connection to the destination server. Users who rely on
defining their proxy credentials in the URL are *strongly* encouraged to upgrade
to Requests 2.31.0+ to prevent unintentional leakage and rotate their proxy
credentials once the change has been fully deployed.

Users who do not use a proxy or do not supply their proxy credentials through
the user information portion of their proxy URL are not subject to this
vulnerability.

Full details can be read in our [Github Security Advisory](https://github.com/psf/requests/security/advisories/GHSA-j8r2-6x86-q33q)
and [CVE-2023-32681](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-32681).

2.30.0

-------------------

**Dependencies**
- ⚠️ Added support for urllib3 2.0. ⚠️

This may contain minor breaking changes so we advise careful testing and
reviewing https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/v2-migration-guide.html
prior to upgrading.

Users who wish to stay on urllib3 1.x can pin to `urllib3<2`.

2.29.0

-------------------

**Improvements**

- Requests now defers chunked requests to the urllib3 implementation to improve
standardization. (6226)
- Requests relaxes header component requirements to support bytes/str subclasses. (6356)

2.28.2

-------------------

**Dependencies**

- Requests now supports charset\_normalizer 3.x. (6261)

**Bugfixes**

- Updated MissingSchema exception to suggest https scheme rather than http. (6188)

2.28.1

-------------------

**Improvements**

- Speed optimization in `iter_content` with transition to `yield from`. (6170)

**Dependencies**

- Added support for chardet 5.0.0 (6179)
- Added support for charset-normalizer 2.1.0 (6169)

2.28.0

-------------------

**Deprecations**

- ⚠️ Requests has officially dropped support for Python 2.7. ⚠️ (6091)
- Requests has officially dropped support for Python 3.6 (including pypy3.6). (6091)

**Improvements**

- Wrap JSON parsing issues in Request's JSONDecodeError for payloads without
an encoding to make `json()` API consistent. (6097)
- Parse header components consistently, raising an InvalidHeader error in
all invalid cases. (6154)
- Added provisional 3.11 support with current beta build. (6155)
- Requests got a makeover and we decided to paint it black. (6095)

**Bugfixes**

- Fixed bug where setting `CURL_CA_BUNDLE` to an empty string would disable
cert verification. All Requests 2.x versions before 2.28.0 are affected. (6074)
- Fixed urllib3 exception leak, wrapping `urllib3.exceptions.SSLError` with
`requests.exceptions.SSLError` for `content` and `iter_content`. (6057)
- Fixed issue where invalid Windows registry entries caused proxy resolution
to raise an exception rather than ignoring the entry. (6149)
- Fixed issue where entire payload could be included in the error message for
JSONDecodeError. (6036)

2.27.1

-------------------

**Bugfixes**

- Fixed parsing issue that resulted in the `auth` component being
dropped from proxy URLs. (6028)

2.27.0

-------------------

**Improvements**

- Officially added support for Python 3.10. (5928)

- Added a `requests.exceptions.JSONDecodeError` to unify JSON exceptions between
Python 2 and 3. This gets raised in the `response.json()` method, and is
backwards compatible as it inherits from previously thrown exceptions.
Can be caught from `requests.exceptions.RequestException` as well. (5856)

- Improved error text for misnamed `InvalidSchema` and `MissingSchema`
exceptions. This is a temporary fix until exceptions can be renamed
(Schema->Scheme). (6017)

- Improved proxy parsing for proxy URLs missing a scheme. This will address
recent changes to `urlparse` in Python 3.9+. (5917)

**Bugfixes**

- Fixed defect in `extract_zipped_paths` which could result in an infinite loop
for some paths. (5851)

- Fixed handling for `AttributeError` when calculating length of files obtained
by `Tarfile.extractfile()`. (5239)

- Fixed urllib3 exception leak, wrapping `urllib3.exceptions.InvalidHeader` with
`requests.exceptions.InvalidHeader`. (5914)

- Fixed bug where two Host headers were sent for chunked requests. (5391)

- Fixed regression in Requests 2.26.0 where `Proxy-Authorization` was
incorrectly stripped from all requests sent with `Session.send`. (5924)

- Fixed performance regression in 2.26.0 for hosts with a large number of
proxies available in the environment. (5924)

- Fixed idna exception leak, wrapping `UnicodeError` with
`requests.exceptions.InvalidURL` for URLs with a leading dot (.) in the
domain. (5414)

**Deprecations**

- Requests support for Python 2.7 and 3.6 will be ending in 2022. While we
don't have exact dates, Requests 2.27.x is likely to be the last release
series providing support.

2.26.0

-------------------

**Improvements**

- Requests now supports Brotli compression, if either the `brotli` or
`brotlicffi` package is installed. (5783)

- `Session.send` now correctly resolves proxy configurations from both
the Session and Request. Behavior now matches `Session.request`. (5681)

**Bugfixes**

- Fixed a race condition in zip extraction when using Requests in parallel
from zip archive. (5707)

**Dependencies**

- Instead of `chardet`, use the MIT-licensed `charset_normalizer` for Python3
to remove license ambiguity for projects bundling requests. If `chardet`
is already installed on your machine it will be used instead of `charset_normalizer`
to keep backwards compatibility. (5797)

You can also install `chardet` while installing requests by
specifying `[use_chardet_on_py3]` extra as follows:

 shell
 pip install "requests[use_chardet_on_py3]"
 

Python2 still depends upon the `chardet` module.

- Requests now supports `idna` 3.x on Python 3. `idna` 2.x will continue to
be used on Python 2 installations. (5711)

**Deprecations**

- The `requests[security]` extra has been converted to a no-op install.
PyOpenSSL is no longer the recommended secure option for Requests. (5867)

- Requests has officially dropped support for Python 3.5. (5867)

2.25.1

-------------------

**Bugfixes**

- Requests now treats `application/json` as `utf8` by default. Resolving
inconsistencies between `r.text` and `r.json` output. (5673)

**Dependencies**

- Requests now supports chardet v4.x.

2.25.0

-------------------

**Improvements**

- Added support for NETRC environment variable. (5643)

**Dependencies**

- Requests now supports urllib3 v1.26.

**Deprecations**

- Requests v2.25.x will be the last release series with support for Python 3.5.
- The `requests[security]` extra is officially deprecated and will be removed
in Requests v2.26.0.

2.24.0

-------------------

**Improvements**

- pyOpenSSL TLS implementation is now only used if Python
either doesn't have an `ssl` module or doesn't support
SNI. Previously pyOpenSSL was unconditionally used if available.
This applies even if pyOpenSSL is installed via the
`requests[security]` extra (5443)

- Redirect resolution should now only occur when
`allow_redirects` is True. (5492)

- No longer perform unnecessary Content-Length calculation for
requests that won't use it. (5496)

2.23.0

-------------------

**Improvements**

- Remove defunct reference to `prefetch` in Session `__attrs__` (5110)

**Bugfixes**

- Requests no longer outputs password in basic auth usage warning. (5099)

**Dependencies**

- Pinning for `chardet` and `idna` now uses major version instead of minor.
This hopefully reduces the need for releases every time a dependency is updated.

Links

• PyPI: https://pypi.org/project/requests
• Changelog: https://pyup.io/changelogs/requests/
• Docs: https://requests.readthedocs.io