feat: add `_timeout` variants to blocking executions #2984

Job	Run time
cargo +1.36 build (futures-{core, io, sink})	41s
cargo +1.56 build	1m 10s
cargo +stable build	29s
cargo test (ubuntu-latest)	2m 42s
cargo +beta build	39s
cargo bench	50s
cargo test (macos-latest)	6m 18s
cargo clippy	14s
cargo +nightly build	33s
cargo test (windows-latest)	5m 1s
cargo doc	17s
cargo test (ubuntu-latest, aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu)	3m 47s
cargo test (ubuntu-latest, armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf)	6m 13s
cargo hack check --feature-powerset	2m 29s
cargo test (ubuntu-latest, armv5te-unknown-linux-gnueabi)	6m 20s
cargo fmt	3s
cargo minimal-versions build	22s
cargo test (ubuntu-latest, i686-unknown-linux-gnu)	3m 29s
cargo miri test	14m 51s
cargo build --target thumbv7m-none-eabi	26s
cargo test -Z sanitizer=address	3m 26s
cargo build --target thumbv6m-none-eabi	22s
cargo test -Z sanitizer=memory	5m 31s
cargo test -Z sanitizer=thread	2m 37s
	1h 8m 50s

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