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title = "Linux Install Party" | ||
outputs = ["Reveal"] | ||
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[reveal_hugo] | ||
custom_theme = "shuosc-light-theme.scss" | ||
custom_theme_compile = true | ||
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[logo] | ||
src = "/shuosc.webp" | ||
width = "7%" # Overrides diag. | ||
+++ | ||
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# Linux Install Party | ||
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by [SHUOSC](https://shuosc.github.io/) | ||
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--- | ||
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{{% section %}} | ||
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## [声明](https://www.gnu.org/gnu/linux-and-gnu.zh-cn.html) | ||
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- Linux 是内核,它只能在完整的操作系统框架下才能发挥作用 | ||
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- Linux 一般和 GNU 软件一起使用:整个系统基本上就是 GNU 加上 Linux,或叫 GNU/Linux。 | ||
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- 所有被叫做“Linux”的发行版实际上是 GNU/Linux 发行版。 | ||
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{{% /section %}} | ||
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--- | ||
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{{% section %}} | ||
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## Linux 的历史 | ||
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--- | ||
### 起源 | ||
- UNIX的诞生 | ||
- GNU 计划:开发一个完全自由的类Unix操作系统 | ||
- MINIX:用于教学的微内核架构的类Unix系统 | ||
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--- | ||
### Linux的诞生 | ||
<a href="https://groups.google.com/g/comp.os.minix/c/dlNtH7RRrGA/m/SwRavCzVE7gJ"> | ||
<img src="img/just_a_hoppy.png" alt="" width="700"> | ||
</a> | ||
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--- | ||
### 什么是 GNU/Linux ? | ||
<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU/Linux%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E7%88%AD%E8%AD%B0"> | ||
<img src="img/is_GNU_Linux.jpg" alt="" width="400"> | ||
</a> | ||
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{{% /section %}} | ||
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--- | ||
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{{% section %}} | ||
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## 为什么选择 Linux | ||
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--- | ||
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### 开源自由 | ||
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Linux 是开源的,你可以自由地使用、复制、分发、学习、修改 Linux | ||
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--- | ||
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### 安全稳定 | ||
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由于 Linux 的开源性质,任何人都可以查看源代码,发现并修复漏洞 | ||
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> Given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow. | ||
> —— Linus' Law | ||
--- | ||
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### 轻量高效 | ||
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- 遵循 [UNIX 哲学](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6)“小即是美” | ||
- 系统占用资源少,这使得 Linux 硬件下限极低 | ||
- 让你的老电脑焕发第二春 | ||
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--- | ||
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### 适合程序员 | ||
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- 强大的命令行 | ||
- 方便的包管理器(apt, pacman...) | ||
- 详细的报错提示和日志信息 | ||
- 接近实际服务器环境 | ||
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--- | ||
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### 自定义程度高 | ||
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- 自定义内核(zen, lts, xanmod...) | ||
- 自定义桌面环境(GNOME, KDE, XFCE, i3wm...) | ||
- 自定义一切,理论上你可以自由修改 Linux 的任何开源代码并编译安装,~~让她彻底变成你的形状~~ | ||
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--- | ||
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### Linux 应用实例 | ||
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- 服务器、超算 | ||
- 路由器 | ||
- Android | ||
- ... | ||
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--- | ||
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### 日常使用 | ||
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- 办公学习 | ||
- 娱乐 | ||
- 开发 | ||
- ... | ||
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{{% /section %}} | ||
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--- | ||
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{{% section %}} | ||
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## Linux 常见发行版介绍 | ||
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[适合自己](https://distrochooser.de/zh-hans)的才是最好的 | ||
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--- | ||
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![Linux Rank](img/LinuxRank.webp) | ||
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--- | ||
### <img src="https://www.debian.org/logos/openlogo.svg" alt="Debian" width="250"/> | ||
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- 固若金汤,稳定性极强 | ||
- 坚守 UNIX 和自由软件的精神 | ||
- 支持众多计算机架构 | ||
- 众多发行版的直接上游或源头 | ||
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--- | ||
### <img src="https://assets.ubuntu.com/v1/a7e3c509-Canonical%20Ubuntu.svg" alt="Ubuntu" width="700"/> | ||
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- 简单易上手,适合新手 | ||
- 基于 Debian,有着丰富软件源 | ||
- Canonical 公司运营,~~商业推广出色~~ | ||
- 群众基础广泛,有大量的教程和问答 | ||
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--- | ||
### <img src="https://archlinux.org/static/logos/archlinux-logo-dark-scalable.518881f04ca9.svg" alt="Arch Linux" width="700"/> | ||
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- 遵循 [KISS 原则](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/KISS%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%99),简单高效 | ||
- 滚动更新,永不过时 | ||
- 极其丰富的软件源(包括用户自制的AUR)和积极的社区支持 | ||
- [Arch Wiki](http://wiki.archlinux.org/) 是 Linux 社区最好的 Wiki | ||
- 适合有 DIY 需求的用户 | ||
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--- | ||
### <img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Manjaro_logo_text.svg" alt="Manjaro" width="700"/> | ||
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- 基于 Arch Linux,但安装更友好,适合新手 | ||
- 界面美观,自带驱动,可更换内核 | ||
- 能沿用 Arch Linux 的软件源和文档(易出问题 | ||
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--- | ||
### <img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/endeavouros-team/artwork-images-logo/master/endeavouros-logo-text.svg" alt="EndeavourOS" width="750"/> | ||
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- 基于 Arch Linux,但安装更友好 | ||
- 界面美观,保持精简,适合 DIY 用户 | ||
- 直接使用 Arch Linux 软件源,与上游完全同步 | ||
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--- | ||
### <img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Fedora_logo_%282021%29.svg" alt="Fedora" width="700"/> | ||
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- 由 Red Hat 公司赞助,CentOS/RHEL 的上游 | ||
- 有着丰富的软件源 | ||
- Linus Torvalds 使用的发行版 | ||
- 适合有一定 Linux 基础的用户 | ||
--- | ||
### <img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/OpenSUSE_Logo.svg" alt="openSUSE" width="500"/> | ||
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- 新手友好,易于上手,有着优秀的桌面环境体验 | ||
- 特性丰富,YaST 以简便直接的形式控制系统的一切 | ||
- 坚如磐石,比较稳定,有社区和商业支持 | ||
--- | ||
### <img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AOSC-Dev/logo/master/aosc-os-branding.zh_CN.svg" alt="AOSC OS" width="800"/> | ||
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- 多语言支持开箱即用 | ||
- 各架构体验统一且优化充分 | ||
- 预装针对特定地区的网络连通工具 | ||
--- | ||
### <img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Kali_Linux_2.0_wordmark.svg" alt="KALI Linux" width="600"/> | ||
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- 专注于渗透测试,内置大量渗透工具 | ||
- ~~KALI 学得好,牢饭吃到饱~~ | ||
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--- | ||
### <img src="https://www.gentoo.org/assets/img/logo/gentoo-horizontal.svg" alt="Gentoo" width="800"/> | ||
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- 勤快一时,懒惰一世 | ||
- 适合对性能有极高要求的用户 | ||
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--- | ||
### <img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/NixOS_logo.svg" alt="NixOS" width="700"/> | ||
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- 声明式配置,纯函数式包管理 | ||
- 原子化升级和回滚 | ||
- 易于复现系统环境,安全稳定 | ||
- 适合进阶用户 | ||
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--- | ||
### <img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Centos-logo-light.svg" alt="CentOS" width="750"/> | ||
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- 社区驱动,~~起夜级~~稳定 | ||
- CentOS 7 将于 2024 年 6 月 30 日停止维护 | ||
- 所有 CentOS 用户都应该尽快将生产环境迁移到 Rocky Linux 等替代品 | ||
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{{% /section %}} | ||
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--- | ||
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{{% section %}} | ||
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## Linux 桌面环境速览 | ||
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桌面环境=Desktop Environment(DE) | ||
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--- | ||
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### Linux 桌面环境的特点 | ||
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- 桌面环境可单独安装,独立于发行版 | ||
- 不同桌面环境风格各异,提供丰富的软件选择 | ||
- 稳定性在逐渐提升,完全满足日用需求 | ||
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--- | ||
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### GNOME | ||
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![GNOME](https://www.gnome.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/GNOME45-splash.webp) | ||
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--- | ||
### KDE | ||
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![KDE](https://kde.org/announcements/plasma/6/6.1.0/fullscreen_with_apps.png) | ||
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--- | ||
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### Xfce | ||
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![Xfce](https://cdn.xfce.org/about/screenshots/4.18-1.png) | ||
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{{% /section %}} | ||
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--- | ||
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{{% section %}} | ||
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## Linux 安装的 N 种方式 | ||
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--- | ||
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### 获取 Linux 系统安装介质 | ||
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- 和 Windows 一样,安装介质通常是 ISO 文件 | ||
- 可就近选择镜像站下载 | ||
- [清华大学开源软件镜像站](https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/) | ||
- [中国科学技术大学开源软件镜像站](http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/) | ||
- [校园网联合镜像站](https://mirrors.cernet.edu.cn/os) | ||
- [腾讯软件源](http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/) | ||
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--- | ||
### 实体机安装 | ||
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- 性能最好,体验最真实 | ||
- 需要对磁盘分区和系统启动方式有一定了解 | ||
- 步骤: | ||
- 用Ventoy等工具将ISO文件装入至U盘 | ||
- 开机从U盘启动Live系统或安装程序 | ||
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--- | ||
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### 虚拟机安装 | ||
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- 无需重启,管理方便 | ||
- 隔离性好,安全稳定 | ||
- 步骤: | ||
- 用VMware/VirtualBox等软件创建虚拟机 | ||
- 在虚拟机设置插入ISO文件 | ||
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--- | ||
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### WSL 安装 | ||
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- 性能损耗低 | ||
- 区分 WSL1/WSL2 | ||
- 与 Windows 无缝集成 | ||
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--- | ||
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### 容器安装 | ||
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- 使用 Podman/Docker 等容器方案可以便捷创建轻量的 Linux 环境 | ||
- 借助 [Termux](https://f-droid.org/zh_Hans/packages/com.termux/) 和 proot/chroot 容器可以实现在 Android 设备上运行 Linux 系统 | ||
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```shell | ||
pkg install proot proot-distro | ||
proot-distro install debian | ||
``` | ||
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{{% /section %}} | ||
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--- | ||
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{{% section %}} | ||
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## Linux 用户遇到问题该怎么办? | ||
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--- | ||
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### 自力更生 | ||
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- RTFM: Read The Manual | ||
- STFW: Search The Web | ||
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--- | ||
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### 社区支持 | ||
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[提问的智慧](https://lug.ustc.edu.cn/wiki/doc/smart-questions/) | ||
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- Forum/BBS | ||
- Telegram/QQ Group | ||
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{{% /section %}} | ||
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--- | ||
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{{% section %}} | ||
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## Talk is cheap, let's install Linux. | ||
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{{% /section %}} |
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