convert several helper macros into ordinary functions

[Nathan-Fenner]

This should be a no-behavior change. Here are a few of the macros defined in Brogue.h converted into regular functions.

Some of them are inline statics declared in the same spot as the old macro; others need to be moved into .c files because they rely on globals being in scope.

[tmewett]

briefly remind me of the value add here? ergonomics?

[Nathan-Fenner]

Tooling understands functions better than it understands macros, and it's just generally simpler. I want to do some refactorings involving these functions and the ones that use them and it's currently tricky.

• Macros have weird scoping rules, because variables bind at expansion instead of definition
• Macros can't (easily) define local variables
• Macros don't type-check their arguments
• Macros will duplicate any function calls in their arguments if they use those values multiple times (with no good workarounds because they can't define local variables)

Since semantically, none of these are actually doing macro-ish things that can't be accomplished exactly the same by regular functions, I think it's better to replace them with functions. It makes subsequent refactoring (mostly more pos) easier too.