Improve tablet types to wait

[ejortegau]

Description

This PR improves handling of vtgate --tablet_types_to_wait so that timeouts waiting for tablets are interpreted
as not having successfully gotten healthchecks for all tablet types in all keyspaces of interest, leading to
retries instead of simply logging the error and continuing.

Related Issue(s)

#17412

Checklist

• "Backport to:" labels have been added if this change should be back-ported to release branches
• If this change is to be back-ported to previous releases, a justification is included in the PR description
• Tests were added or are not required
• Did the new or modified tests pass consistently locally and on CI?
• Documentation was added or is not required

Deployment Notes

N/A

[vitess-bot]

Review Checklist

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General

• Ensure that the Pull Request has a descriptive title.
• Ensure there is a link to an issue (except for internal cleanup and flaky test fixes), new features should have an RFC that documents use cases and test cases.

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 0% with 15 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 67.64%. Comparing base (a6c2896) to head (abb53cb).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
go/vt/vtgate/vtgate.go	0.00%	14 Missing ⚠️
go/vt/vtgate/tabletgateway.go	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main   #17622   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   67.64%   67.64%           
=======================================
  Files        1586     1586           
  Lines      255629   255639   +10     
=======================================
+ Hits       172910   172922   +12     
+ Misses      82719    82717    -2     

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