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JavaScript 语言DApp开发
linj edited this page Nov 23, 2022
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1 revision
[TOC]
- 使用JavaScript语言进行DApp开发，首先要按照一定格式编写一个合约，然后可以使用cli调试工具或者调用JSONRPC接口将合约部署到Chain33上，通过调用相应的方法完成想要的操作。
一般js文件包含如下规则: 定义Init(context)函数：该函数在部署合约时会被调用，作用是为一个合约准备资源，主要是存储对象kvcreator和上下文信息context。 定义Exec对象的xxxx方法：将一些数据写入stateDB，并传递一些需要记录在表中的log信息。 定义ExecLocal对象的xxxx：将log信息写入表或写入一些数据到localDB。 定义Query对象的xxxx方法：查询表中的数据或者localDB中的数据。
基于chain33的框架，通过jsvm的Call调用一个方法会依次执行对应的Exec对象和ExecLocal对象的同名方法，比如Call的payload.funcname为"NewGame"，就会依次执行Exec对象的NewGame方法和ExecLocal对象的NewGame方法。
下面结合game.js具体介绍一下
game.js定义了一种猜数字的游戏，游戏规则： 庄家出一个 0 - 10 的数字 hash(随机数 + 9) (一共的赔偿金额)。 对应NewGame方法。 用户可以猜这个数字，多个用户都可以猜测。对应Guess方法 开奖。对应CloseGame方法 下面仅以NewGame方法举例，另外两个方法可以参考上面链接的代码。
为了存储上述信息，需要创建三张表，一张GameLocalTable，一张MatchLocalTable，一张MatchGameTable，其中MatchGameTable是基于上述两表的连接表，类似于关系数据库的join操作产生的临时表。 创建一张表包含config和defaultvalue两部分（创建连接表只需调用JoinTable方法即可）config设置表结构，包含表属性配置项（用#开头）和列属性配置两类，表属性有表名，主键和存储db类型三个。defaultvalue用于设置列属性的默认值。 下面是创建GameLocalTable的代码：
function GameLocalTable(kvc) {
this.config = {
"#tablename" : "game",//定义表名
"#primary" : "gameid", //定义主键
"#db" : "localdb", //定义存储的db类型，一般为localdb
"gameid" : "%018d", //表主键，游戏id，可以用交易总索引(txID())定义
"status" : "%d", //游戏状态：0-未开始，1-开始，2-关闭
"hash" : "%s", //交易hash
"addr" : "%s", //创建交易者的地址
}
this.defaultvalue = {
"gameid" : 0,
"status" : 0,
"hash" : "",
"addr" : "",
}
return new Table(kvc, this.config, this.defaultvalue)
}下面是创建MatchLocalTable的代码：
function MatchLocalTable(kvc) {
this.config = {
"#tablename" : "match", //定义表名
"#primary" : "id", //定义主键
"#db" : "localdb", //定义存储的db类型，一般为localdb
"id" : "%018d", //表主键，可以用交易总索引(txID())定义
"gameid" : "%018d", //表外键，对应GameLocalTable表主键
"hash" : "%s", //交易hash
"addr" : "%s", //参与游戏的猜数字者的地址
}
this.defaultvalue = {
"id" : 0,
"gameid" : 0,
"hash" : "",
"addr" : "",
}
return new Table(kvc, this.config, this.defaultvalue)
}下面是创建MatchGameTable的代码：
function MatchGameTable(kvc) {
//参数lefttable是使用外键的表，数据量相对较大，参数index是需要查询连接表的字段名
return new JoinTable(MatchLocalTable(kvc), GameLocalTable(kvc), "addr#status")
}function Init(context) {
this.kvc = new kvcreator("init")//创建init类型对象，用于存储key,value值
this.context = context //保存上下文信息
return this.kvc.receipt()
}此方法可以通过chain33-cli调试工具或JSONRPC的call方法调用到，xxxx与payload.funcname值一致。主要作用是通过kvc.add()将一些信息写入stateDB，通过kvc.addlog()传递log信息。
Exec.prototype.NewGame = function(args) {
//
var game = {__type__ : "game"}
game.gameid = this.txID()
game.height = this.context.height
game.randhash = args.randhash
game.bet = args.bet
game.hash = this.context.txhash
game.obet = game.bet
game.addr = this.context.from
game.status = 1 //open
//最大值是 9000万,否则js到 int 会溢出
if (game.bet < 10 * COINS || game.bet > 10000000 * COINS) {
throwerr("bet low than 10 or hight than 10000000")
}
if (this.kvc.get(game.randhash)) { //如果randhash 已经被使用了
throwerr("dup rand hash")
}
var err = this.acc.execFrozen(this.name, this.context.from, game.bet) //冻结庄家的奖池
throwerr(err)
this.kvc.add(game.gameid, game) //存储key:gameid与value:game到stateDB
this.kvc.add(game.randhash, "ok")//存储key:randhash与value:"ok"到stateDB
this.kvc.addlog(game) //传递game对象到ExecLocal.prototype.NewGame
return this.kvc.receipt()
}此方法将对应的Exec的xxxx方法传递的log信息写入到对应的表中，或者调用kvc.add()直接将数据写入stateDB。
function localprocess(args) {
var local = MatchGameTable(this.kvc)
local.addlogs(this.logs) //操作join表，达到自动更新关联表的目的
local.save() //保存数据
return this.kvc.receipt()
}
ExecLocal.prototype.NewGame = function(args) {
return localprocess.call(this, args)
}此方法可以通过chain33-cli调试工具或JSONRPC的query方法调用到，xxxx与payload.funcname值一致，实现按照传入参数查询数据的功能，可以通过表进行查询，也可以直接查询localDB。
//提供按照游戏创建者地址查询game信息
Query.prototype.ListGameByAddr = function(args) {
var local = GameLocalTable(this.kvc)
var q = local.query("addr", args.addr, args.primaryKey, args.count, args.direction)
return querytojson(q)
}chain33-cli是我们的调试程序，使用chain33-cli命令可以方便的完成一些操作，下面演示使用chain33-cli命令部署智能合约到chain33链上以及调用智能合约中的方法。
**step1:**使用chain33-cli命令将智能合约部署到chain33链上：
./chain33-cli send jsvm create -c "合约代码文件的路径" -n "合约名" -k "合约创建者的私钥或者地址"
root@ubuntu055-3:/home/lcj0# ./chain33-cli send jsvm create -c "/home/hugo/game.js" -n game -k 14KEKbYtKKQm4wMthSK9J4La4nAiidGozt
**step2：**上面的合约代码部署成功后，会生成一个交易哈希，然后使用此哈希查询交易：
./chain33-cli tx query_hash -s "交易哈希"
root@ubuntu055-3:/home/lcj0# ./chain33-cli tx query_hash -s 0xd4cfd1606ea1d9382b3334351e3e741cad8a68b4e7b38a4b02c981203865cb03
- 在返回的结果可以看到如下：其中name 合约名称，涉及到合约转账或取回操作时要使用此名称；code是js文件内容；
...
"execer": "jsvm",
"payload": {
"create": {
"code": "...js文件内容...",
"name": "game"
},
"ty": 0
},
...**step3:**向合约充值
由于game合约需要创建游戏者(庄家)首先抵押一些资产做奖池，所以需要先充值到合约中，通过命令行充100 BTY到合约中，注意-e 参数必须是"user.jsvm.合约名"的形式。
./chain33-cli send coins send_exec -a BTY个数 -e "合约名" -n "附言" -k "合约创建者的私钥或者地址"
./chain33-cli send coins send_exec -a 100 -e "user.jsvm.game" -n "12312" -k 14KEKbYtKKQm4wMthSK9J4La4nAiidGozt
使用查询交易命令查询充值是否成功。
./chain33-cli tx query_hash -s 0xa627e07e3ba7c47fd2e16812b34f82d6e07c6c074d2043abdb6b2d57dc9b4d4b
...
"ty": 8,
"tyName": "LogExecDeposit",
"log": {
"execAddr": "15mjHYNvPkSMrp3SQxtczXL6cinMAEdeKs",
"prev": {
"currency": 0,
"balance": "0",
"frozen": "0",
"addr": "14KEKbYtKKQm4wMthSK9J4La4nAiidGozt"
},
"current": {
"currency": 0,
"balance": "10000000000",
"frozen": "0",
"addr": "14KEKbYtKKQm4wMthSK9J4La4nAiidGozt"
}
}
...可以看到current.balance为100* 1e8
**step4:**充值完成后，调用合约中的NewGame方法创建游戏。
./chain33-cli send jsvm call -n "合约名" -f "方法名" -a "以json格式表示的参数列表" -k "合约创建者的私钥或者地址"
./chain33-cli send jsvm call -n game -f NewGame -a "{\"bet\":1500000000, \"randhash\":\"0x5d2ac15654aa1859af80d1dfa5d7a5775c359fe3a49abce03796f4fbc313b57f\"}" -k 14KEKbYtKKQm4wMthSK9J4La4nAiidGozt
使用查询交易命令查询是否创建成功。
...
"ty": 9,
"tyName": "LogExecFrozen",
"log": {
"execAddr": "15mjHYNvPkSMrp3SQxtczXL6cinMAEdeKs",
"prev": {
"currency": 0,
"balance": "10000000000",
"frozen": "0",
"addr": "14KEKbYtKKQm4wMthSK9J4La4nAiidGozt"
},
"current": {
"currency": 0,
"balance": "8500000000",
"frozen": "1500000000",
"addr": "14KEKbYtKKQm4wMthSK9J4La4nAiidGozt"
}
},
...可以看到冻结量：current.frozen为15* 1e8，剩余量：current.balance为85* 1e8
...
"ty": 10000,
"tyName": "TyLogJs",
"log": {
"data": "{\"__type__\":\"game\",\"addr\":\"14KEKbYtKKQm4wMthSK9J4La4nAiidGozt\",\"bet\":1500000000,\"gameid\":4100000,\"hash\":\"0x2b3e9d1bd4dfcd6766f6aacc366d8e360e9896de1cc4da0501b30d696a506d2a\",\"height\":41,\"obet\":1500000000,\"randhash\":\"0x5d2ac15654aa1859af80d1dfa5d7a5775c359fe3a49abce03796f4fbc313b57f\",\"status\":1}"
},
...可以看到游戏创建成功了，gameid为4100000。然后可以使用同样的方法，调用合约中的Guess方法和CloseGame方法来猜数字和开奖，不在此赘述。
step5: 调用查询接口列出由某个地址创建的游戏
./chain33-cli jsvm query -a "以json格式表示的参数列表" -f "方法名" -n "合约名"
./chain33-cli jsvm query -a "{\"addr\":\"14KEKbYtKKQm4wMthSK9J4La4nAiidGozt\", \"count\":20}" -f "ListGameByAddr" -n game
返回内容如下：
{
"data": "[{\"left\":{\"__type__\":\"game\",\"addr\":\"14KEKbYtKKQm4wMthSK9J4La4nAiidGozt\",\"bet\":1500000000,\"gameid\":4100000,\"hash\":\"0x2b3e9d1bd4dfcd6766f6aacc366d8e360e9896de1cc4da0501b30d696a506d2a\",\"height\":41,\"obet\":1500000000,\"randhash\":\"0x5d2ac15654aa1859af80d1dfa5d7a5775c359fe3a49abce03796f4fbc313b57f\",\"status\":1}}]"
}可以使用相同的方法调用ListMatchByAddr方法，列举出某地址创建的处于某种状态的游戏，由于用到连表查询，需要先通过方法JoinKey查到结果，再将结果作为参数，调用ListMatchByAddr方法获得最终结果。
这里创建的是原始交易，除此之外，还需要进行交易的签名以及发送操作 如果合约中要使用数字货币，在调用合约前需要先向合约充值
请求报文：
{
"jsonrpc":"2.0",
"method": "Chain33.CreateTransaction",
"params": [
{
"execer": "string",
"actionName": "string",
"payload": {
"code": "string",
"name":"string"
}
}
],
"id":int32,
}参数说明：
| 参数 | 类型 | 是否必填 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|---|
| execer | string | 是 | 执行器名称，这里固定为jsvm |
| actionName | string | 是 | 操作名称，这里固定为Create |
| payload.code | string | 是 | javascript代码 |
| payload.name | string | 是 | 合约名 |
响应报文：
{
"id":int32,
"result":"string",
"error":null
}参数说明：
| 参数 | 类型 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| result | string | 交易内容十六进制字符串 |
示例： Request1 部署合约交易:
{
"method": "Chain33.CreateTransaction",
"params": [
{
"execer": "jsvm",
"actionName": "Create",
"payload": {
"code": "//........................\n//............: ............... 0 - 10 ......... hash(......... + 9) (.....................) NewGame()\n//............................................................ Guess()\n//...... CloseGame()\nfunction Init(context) {\n this.kvc = new kvcreator(\"init\")\n this.context = context\n return this.kvc.receipt()\n}\n\nvar MIN_WAIT_BLOCK = 2\nvar RAND_MAX = 10\n\nfunction ExecInit() {\n this.acc = new account(this.kvc, \"coins\", \"bty\")\n}\n\nExec.prototype.NewGame = function(args) {\n var game = {__type__ : \"game\"}\n game.gameid = this.txID()\n game.height = this.context.height\n game.randhash = args.randhash\n game.bet = args.bet\n game.hash = this.context.txhash\n game.obet = game.bet\n game.addr = this.context.from\n game.status = 1 //open\n //............ 9000...,......js... int .........\n if (game.bet < 10 * COINS || game.bet > 10000000 * COINS) {\n throwerr(\"bet low than 10 or hight than 10000000\")\n }\n if (this.kvc.get(game.randhash)) { //......randhash ..................\n throwerr(\"dup rand hash\")\n }\n var err = this.acc.execFrozen(this.name, this.context.from, game.bet)\n throwerr(err)\n this.kvc.add(game.gameid, game)\n this.kvc.add(game.randhash, \"ok\")\n this.kvc.addlog(game)\n return this.kvc.receipt()\n}\n\nExec.prototype.Guess = function(args) {\n var match = {__type__ : \"match\"}\n match.gameid = args.gameid\n match.bet = args.bet\n match.id = this.txID()\n match.addr = this.context.from\n match.hash = this.context.txhash\n match.num = args.num\n var game = this.kvc.get(match.gameid)\n if (!game) {\n throwerr(\"guess: game id not found\")\n }\n if (game.status != 1) {\n throwerr(\"guess: game status not open\")\n }\n if (this.context.from == game.addr) {\n throwerr(\"guess: game addr and match addr is same\")\n }\n if (match.bet < 1 * COINS || match.bet > game.bet / RAND_MAX) {\n throwerr(\"match bet litte than 1 or big than game.bet/10\")\n }\n var err = this.acc.execFrozen(this.name, this.context.from, match.bet)\n console.log(this.name, this.context.from, err)\n throwerr(err)\n this.kvc.add(match.id, match)\n this.kvc.addlog(match)\n return this.kvc.receipt()\n}\n\nExec.prototype.CloseGame = function(args) {\n var local = MatchLocalTable(this.kvc)\n var game = this.kvc.get(args.gameid)\n if (!game) {\n throwerr(\"game id not found\")\n }\n var querykey = local.get(\"gameid\", args)\n var matches = local.query(\"gameid\", querykey, \"\", 0, 1)\n if (!matches) {\n matches = []\n }\n var n = -1\n for (var i = 0; i < RAND_MAX; i++) {\n if (Sha256(args.randstr + i) == game.randhash) {\n n = i\n }\n }\n if (n == -1) {\n throwerr(\"err rand str\")\n }\n //.........................................................\n if (this.context.height - game.height < MIN_WAIT_BLOCK) {\n throwerr(\"close game must wait \"+MIN_WAIT_BLOCK+\" block\")\n }\n for (var i = 0; i < matches.length; i++) {\n var match = matches[i].left\n if (match.num == n) {\n //................................................................................................ this\n win.call(this, game, match)\n } else {\n fail.call(this, game, match)\n }\n }\n if (game.bet > 0) {\n var err = this.acc.execActive(this.name, game.addr, game.bet)\n throwerr(err)\n game.bet = 0\n }\n game.status = 2\n this.kvc.add(game.gameid, game)\n this.kvc.addlog(game)\n return this.kvc.receipt()\n}\n\nfunction win(game, match) {\n var amount = (RAND_MAX - 1) * match.bet\n if (game.bet - amount < 0) {\n amount = game.bet\n }\n var err \n if (amount > 0) {\n err = this.acc.execTransFrozenToActive(this.name, game.addr, match.addr, amount)\n throwerr(err, \"execTransFrozenToActive\")\n game.bet -= amount\n }\n err = this.acc.execActive(this.name, match.addr, match.bet)\n throwerr(err, \"execActive\")\n}\n\nfunction fail(game, match) {\n var amount = match.bet\n err = this.acc.execTransFrozenToFrozen(this.name, match.addr, game.addr, amount)\n throwerr(err)\n game.bet += amount\n}\n\nExec.prototype.ForceCloseGame = function(args) {\n var local = new MatchLocalTable(this.kvc)\n var game = this.kvc.get(args.id)\n if (!game) {\n throwerr(\"game id not found\")\n }\n var matches = local.getmath(args.id)\n if (!matches) {\n matches = []\n }\n if (this.context.height - game.height < 100) {\n throwerr(\"force close game must wait 100 block\")\n }\n for (var i = 0; i < matches.length; i++) {\n var match = matches[i]\n win.call(this.kvc, game, match)\n }\n if (game.bet > 0) {\n var err = this.acc.execActive(this.name, game.addr, game.bet)\n throwerr(err)\n game.bet = 0\n }\n game.status = 2\n this.kvc.add(game.gameid, game)\n this.kvc.addlog(game)\n return this.kvc.receipt()\n}\n\nExecLocal.prototype.NewGame = function(args) {\n return localprocess.call(this, args)\n}\n\nExecLocal.prototype.Guess = function(args) {\n return localprocess.call(this, args)\n}\n\nExecLocal.prototype.CloseGame = function(args) {\n return localprocess.call(this, args)\n}\n\nExecLocal.prototype.ForceCloseGame = function(args) {\n return localprocess.call(this, args)\n}\n\nfunction localprocess(args) {\n var local = MatchGameTable(this.kvc)\n local.addlogs(this.logs)\n local.save()\n return this.kvc.receipt()\n}\n\nQuery.prototype.ListGameByAddr = function(args) {\n var local = GameLocalTable(this.kvc)\n var q = local.query(\"addr\", args.addr, args.primaryKey, args.count, args.direction)\n return querytojson(q)\n}\n\nQuery.prototype.ListMatchByAddr = function(args) {\n var local = MatchGameTable(this.kvc)\n var q= local.query(\"addr#status\", args[\"addr#status\"], args.primaryKey, args.count, args.direction)\n return querytojson(q)\n}\n\nfunction GameLocalTable(kvc) {\n this.config = {\n \"#tablename\" : \"game\",\n \"#primary\" : \"gameid\",\n \"#db\" : \"localdb\",\n \"gameid\" : \"%018d\",\n \"status\" : \"%d\",\n \"hash\" : \"%s\",\n \"addr\" : \"%s\",\n }\n this.defaultvalue = {\n \"gameid\" : 0,\n \"status\" : 0,\n \"hash\" : \"\",\n \"addr\" : \"\",\n }\n return new Table(kvc, this.config, this.defaultvalue) \n}\n\nfunction MatchLocalTable(kvc) {\n this.config = {\n \"#tablename\" : \"match\",\n \"#primary\" : \"id\",\n \"#db\" : \"localdb\",\n \"id\" : \"%018d\",\n \"gameid\" : \"%018d\",\n \"hash\" : \"%s\",\n \"addr\" : \"%s\",\n }\n this.defaultvalue = {\n \"id\" : 0,\n \"gameid\" : 0,\n \"hash\" : \"\",\n \"addr\" : \"\",\n }\n return new Table(kvc, this.config, this.defaultvalue) \n}\n\nfunction MatchGameTable(kvc) {\n return new JoinTable(MatchLocalTable(kvc), GameLocalTable(kvc), \"addr#status\")\n}\n",
"name": "game"
}
}
],
"id": 0
}请求报文：
{
"jsonrpc":"2.0",
"id":0,
"method": "Chain33.CreateTransaction",
"params": [
{
"execer": "string",
"actionName": "string",
"payload": {
"name": "string",
"funcname": "string",
"args": "string"
}
}
],
}参数说明：
| 参数 | 类型 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| execer | string | 合约名字，固定格式为user.jsvm.xxxx |
| actionName | string | 调用，这里固定为Call |
| payload.name | string | 合约名字，之前定义的名字 |
| payload.funcname | string | 调用的方法名 |
| payload.args | string | 参数列表 |
响应报文：
{
"id":int32,
"result":"string",
"error":null
}参数说明：
| 参数 | 类型 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| result | string | 交易内容十六进制字符串 |
示例： Request：
{
"jsonrpc":"2.0",
"id":0,
"method": "Chain33.CreateTransaction",
"params": [
{
"execer": "user.jsvm.game",
"actionName": "Call",
"payload": {
"name": "game",
"funcname": "NewGame",
"args": "{\"bet\":10000000000, \"randhash\":\"0x5d2ac15654aa1859af80d1dfa5d7a5775c359fe3a49abce03796f4fbc313b57f\"}"
}
}
],
}Response:
{
"id": 0,
"result": "0a0e757365722e6a73766d2e67616d651279180112750a0467616d6512074e657747616d651a647b22626574223a31303030303030303030302c202272616e6468617368223a22307835643261633135363534616131383539616638306431646661356437613537373563333539666533613439616263653033373936663466626333313362353766227d20a08d0630ae97b68eead9ec99083a2231356d6a48594e76506b534d72703353517874637a584c3663696e4d414564654b73",
"error": null
}请求报文：
{
"jsonrpc":"2.0",
"method": "Chain33.Query",
"params": [
{
"execer": "string",
"funcName": "string",
"payload": {
"name": "string",
"funcname": "string",
"args": "{\"addr\":\"14KEKbYtKKQm4wMthSK9J4La4nAiidGozt\", \"count\":20}"
}
}
],
"id": 0
}参数说明：
| 参数 | 类型 | 是否必填 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|---|
| execer | string | 是 | 执行器名称，这里固定为jsvm |
| funcName | string | 是 | 操作名称，这里固定为Query |
| payload.name | string | 是 | 合约名 |
| payload.funcname | string | 是 | javascript中定义的查询方法名 |
| payload.args | string | 是 | javascript中定义的查询方法的参数列表，用json格式表示 |
响应报文：
{
"id": int32,
"result": {
"data": "string"
},
"error": null
}参数说明：
|参数|类型说明| |----|----|----|----| |result.data|string|查询结果|
示例： Request：
{
"method": "Chain33.Query",
"params": [
{
"execer": "jsvm",
"funcName": "Query",
"payload": {
"name": "game",
"funcname": "ListGameByAddr",
"args": "{\"addr\":\"14KEKbYtKKQm4wMthSK9J4La4nAiidGozt\", \"count\":20}"
}
}
],
"id": 0
}Response：
{
"id": 0,
"result": {
"data": "[{\"left\":{\"__type__\":\"game\",\"addr\":\"14KEKbYtKKQm4wMthSK9J4La4nAiidGozt\",\"bet\":10000000000,\"gameid\":121400000,\"hash\":\"0xd3894f7ab60a535d8de47f8a5e06d7c127a22bfe9ff8f1e00971fae19091126f\",\"height\":1214,\"obet\":10000000000,\"randhash\":\"0x5d2ac15654aa1859af80d1dfa5d7a5775c359fe3a49abce03796f4fbc313b57f\",\"status\":1}}]"
},
"error": null
}hello world