Revert "Dockerfile: bump library/node from 22.9.0-bullseye to 23.0.0-…

[a-ovchinnikov]

…bullseye"

This reverts commit 5cd224a.

A breaking change slipped in and now yarn complains about package checksums when it is not supposed to (see https://github.com/containerbuildsystem/cachi2/actions/runs/11461916749/job/31900425880?pr=686 for an example). Let's revert the change until we figure out what exactly has to be done with e2e tests and merge #702 in the meantime.

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